Liberty today Essay Example for Free

Liberty today Essay The common notion of liberty today has been linked to the connotation of being free – freedom from dictators telling what the people should do and should not do, freedom from responsibilities, and alleviation of any restrictions we are suffering before. Liberty has always been related to the mitigation of certain laws and restrictions that bind us to do things that we desire. This is exists either as punishment or as a responsibility. Some perceptions of liberty are those which enable us to do something, or give us access to certain things that we were not able to access before. This is a manifestation of how varied people’s views of liberty are, wherein this also created a delineation of liberty, as either positive, or the â€Å"freedom to † and negative liberty which is about being â€Å"free from†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This various meanings arise depending on the situation or timeline one lives in. Therefore, the meaning of liberty has been twisted and redefined over the course of history, making it a term directly associated with freedom. Liberty for some is a description of oneness, of a singular thing or object, wherein there exists one state of being. It is an interpersonal, social idea wherein it arose from the people’s need to communicate. Liberty means being treated as a fellow person by another man, not just his servant or worker. This acknowledgement means that the person is being treated as an equal, not as anyone higher or lower that you are. Liberty doesn’t mean you are moving away from a certain group, but looking closely, liberty is a feature of connection, not of isolation or exclusion. Liberty doesn’t entail isolating oneself from the others, but rather being able to connect with various people, like socializing and promoting interpersonal relationships from various people. So whether you isolate yourself, you are depriving yourself your liberty. Liberty has solicited a lot of different meanings, and there is no proof on which meaning is true or not. There are no clear definitions that tell what liberty means, and that it doesn’t necessarily imply that liberty means being free from people, from the laws they set which binds us, or whatever the consequences our actions bring on other people. The certain instance when liberty becomes meaningful is when we are free with people, wherein we are able to do anything that we desire freely. But doing this still has a limitation. Our freedom stops when we are overlapping or stepping on some other’s freedom. That is the time when liberty makes sense, when we know our limitations, when we know that a certain level of exercising our freedom would intervene somebody else liberty, not unless our actions could re-enforce other people’s liberty. But the sad reality of liberty is that it only exists on people of the same footing, between equal human beings. In the case of inequality, it introduces a hierarchal position, thus putting a man above another man, thus implying superiority over the other. Inequality leads to slavery and other forms of undermining other people. That is why liberty only exists or is exercised freely in a society of equals. Before, back when people are engaged in slave trade, the notion of liberty was being able to alleviate yourself from the bounds of your master, since you are a servant, you are expected to serve him. Since slavery at that time were literally robbing other ethnic societies of their people (eg. Slave trade in Africa,) they are being transported to other parts of the world, primarily in the western side, the Europeans. They are alienated from their own homes, forced to work in the lands of the white people, and their notion of liberty was going back to the lives they ones had, back in their homeland, where they lived freely, away from the bonds that these white people have imposed on them. Liberty at that time was an aspiration for the slaves, for slavery was the great oppressing force at that time. After slavery came the wars. People from other nations were moving to conquer other lands, extending their influence, showing the world the power they possess. After colonizing, their colonies were subjected to foreign rule, laws wherein they are not accustomed to, and these are being imposed to them strictly, whether they like it or not. At this point of time, Liberty is more of about freedom from the influence of other ideologies or customaries. When people are imposing something, like a certain rule or law to other people, it is a manifestation of their subjugation, thus trampling down the Liberty that exists for the people in the country that they have conquered. Liberty has been the cause of wars, of uprisings from these colonies, in order to fight for what they believe is right. Another instance was in the times of civil war, when people desired liberty from the harsh rules or unpleasant dispositions of their current leader. This causes people to form groups or factions and do undesirable things. These uprisings are said to be fighting for liberty, which in this case was being autonomous from the grasps of a cruel leader. Looking closely, the aspect of liberty in these situations was of a larger scale as compared to that of slavery. Slavery’s focus was alleviating your personal situation as a slave, or the liberty from the bonds of a master and slave. While these wars and uprisings is liberty on a larger scale on a national level wherein you wish to liberate the whole country or region itself from the bonds it has on the parent or colonizing country, wherein you demand for a better quality of life, no that of which you have now. In our present situation, we are also experiencing a certain liberty. Liberty now is expressed as freedom – freedom to do whatever you want, depending on your rights as a human being, provided that you don’t step on the rights of other people. Liberty now has different forms, depending on the person addressing it. It could include the way you dress, the way you speak, how you look, your choice of religion, and so much more. It is a clear manifestation that what was being fought for before was now achieved, yet liberty is still being used, but in a different context. Liberty now express freedom of the person, or even a institution, like for example, the journalists are free to write about topics which they deem essential for the people to hear or see, which is simply the freedom of the press. Liberty means exercising these things to the fullest, and not doing so means you are being treated unfairly. Prostitution as the Oldest Occupation The emergence of prostitution could be traced back in the 1800’s in the Victorian Era, at the time of strict morality and repulsion of anything that deviates from social norm. It generally elicited a negative impression from the people, condemning the act of using one’s body to earn a living. The people which are most affected by this negative outlook are the women involved in prostitution. They are looked down as man-sucking vampires, seducing them with their bodies in order to earn money (Ruggiero). But in reality, these women maybe the ones oppressed the ones who are victimized by the harsh conditions of the society especially in the Victorian Era. Their turn on prostitution may be the outcome of man’s desire to keep the women oppressed: a manifestation of women being marginalized and discriminated. Women before were considered to be inferior to men, usually seen as dependent on their male counterparts. Sex has been a way to satisfy these men, and that is one of the very few uses of women at that time. Thus, when there is a time of great need, the women would often resort to selling their bodies to the males who are very willing to pay for their services. This opens the opportunity for sex as an income-generating medium for these women. Economic poverty has been one of the main factors that drive a woman to prostitution. This happens when they were at the edge, burdened by the problem of making the ends meet. Poverty is evident in the society not only today but even in the classical times. People really have to work their bodies out in order to earn money so that they will have food on their plates. A person owning a piece of land and a small vegetable plot is lucky if he’ll be able to feed his family three meals a day. What about those who doesn’t own anything? How will they be able to support themselves if they don’t have a source of income to be able to buy the foods for their everyday life? Will they choose to live a life of a thief and be contended with taking away what they don’t own? But considering that their body could be used in order to earn money, would they still resort to a life of crime? These questions are the ones at play when we talk about justifying prostitution as a profession, a career where you earn a living. Morality and Prostitution There are two opposing ideas when it comes to the concept of morality. The first can be classified as the moralist perspective, when the society associates shame and disgust with this act. They consider the fundamental ideas of a society, wherein sex is should be between two persons that are married, and that it should elicit a feeling of love. Another point of view is the libertarian, wherein prostitution is not associated with morality. It is considered as a willing buyer-willing seller interaction, wherein there I something between two people, and they both consent to it. It is a crime without a victim, if ever the law criminalizes it. Obligations and Prostitution People have the obligation to guard the people’s safety and welfare. This means that they are concerned with the wellness of every member of the society that’s why they wouldn’t permit anything that could be negative be associated with the people and the society. They are held accountable for any of the acts that could be very detrimental to the society, and some would say that these factors include prostitution. That is why there are those who would rather suppress prostitution than permit it, even though there are other issues with the people, like poverty and illiteracy. The people’s obligation is to watch the safety and well being of the society that is why prostitution should be removed. But this takes into consideration the wellness of those who rely solely in prostitution in order to support their lives. If we take away or criminalize prostitution, what would just happen to those who are relying on what they earn in order to live, or even to support a large family. Consequences Prostitution entails a great deal of consequences, starting with the people who are involved with this concern and also their family. Prostitution delineates the person from others as something â€Å"dirty,† or sinful at that. Because of this, a person’s (especially women’s) way of life can be affected. The people may have a different outlook when they came to know you better, but that is not readily accepted by the society. Homosexuality The word homosexual is used to describe the sexual orientation of men and women who find their primary emotional and sexual fulfillment with people of the same sex (Davies Janosik, 1991). Homosexuality is only an aspect of personality, as is heterosexuality. According to Davies Janosik (1991), identifying people solely by their choice of sex partners tends to belittle them; it conveys the impression that homosexuals’ only interest is in sex. They added that other aspects of an individual’s personality tend to be ignored when sexual labels are applied, so such labels should be used carefully and with the understanding that the only basic difference between heterosexual and homosexual is in their preference of sexual partners. According to Davies Janosik (1991), â€Å"our culture’s negative attitude toward homosexuality has been strongly influenced by religious teachings that hold homosexuality to be sinful and by psychoanalytical theory, which has traditionally held that homosexuality is an emotional disorder caused by psychosexual development†. Most of the people have their own religions and because of this almost everyone views homosexuality as negative and is linked to committing a sin. As Davies Janosik quoted, â€Å"homosexuality can be attributed to an unresolved masochistic attachment to the pre-oedipal mother, a distant relationship with the father, a defense against castration anxiety, or immature ego. The Origins of Sexual Orientation Diversity According to Money et. al (2005), one of the prevailing questions raised regarding sexual orientation centers on its origin or cause; questions about the causes of sexual orientation are typically concerned with the origins of homosexuality and bisexuality. Because heterosexuality is considered normative and natural causes of heterosexuality are rarely considered. Much of the biomedical and psychological research on sexual orientation attempts to identify one or more causes of sexual orientation diversity. The driving question behind this research is, is sexual orientation inborn? Or is it learned or acquired from environmental influences? While a number of factors have been correlated with sexual orientation, including genetic factors, gender role behavior in childhood, and fraternal birth order, there is no single theory that can explain diversity in sexual orientation (qtd.in Money et. al, 2005). Reference: Ruggiero, Vincent. Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues. Sixth Edition ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, 2003. Blasius, M. Phelan, S. A. (1997). We are Everywhere: A Historical Sourcebook of Gay and Lesbian Politics. New York: Routledge. Davies, J. L. Janosik, E. H. (1991). Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing: A Caring Approach. New York: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Glesne, D. N. (2005). Understanding Homosexuality: Perspective for the Living Church. New York: Kirk House Publishers. Koertge, N. (1981). The Nature and Causes of Homosexuality: A Philosophic and Scientific Inquiry. New York: Haworth Press. Money, L. A. , Knox, D. Schacht, C. (2005). Understanding Social Problems. New York: Thomson Wadsworth. Stewart, C. (2003). Gay and Lesbian Issues: A Reference Handbook. New York: ABC CLIO. Winer, J. A. (2006). The Annual of Psychoanalysis: Rethinking Psychoanalysis and Homosexuality V. 30. New York: Routledge. Brayton, Ed. Olson and the Meaning of Liberty. 2006. April 2008. http://positiveliberty. com/2006/07/olson-and-the-meaning-of-liberty. html. Derounian-Stodola, Kathryn Zabelle. Womens Indian Captivity Narratives. Penguin Group USA, 1998. Giollamoir, Oisin Mac. Liberty. 2005. April 2008. http://struggle. ws/wsm/ws/2005/85/liberty. html. Roberts, Dorothy. Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty: Building a Social Justice Vision of Reproductive Freedom. 2001. April 2008. http://www. othmerinstitute. org/reports/report1. html.

Rastafarian Symbolism In The Visual Arts Essay -- VIisual Arts Art

Rastafarian Symbolism In The Visual Arts Works Cited Missing [NOTE: BECAUSE OF CONCERN ABOUT RIGHTS, WE HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO POST THE IMAGES THIS ESSAY REFERS TO] "Art has the power of liberating man from certain drudgeries and their way of life. A man who was born in the ghetto can't afford to be a Sunday painter, his whole life is involved in getting across his ideas; Rastafarianism, politics, Black culture and all that. Even our meeting here now is an artistic involvement. Some people do art with love here, politics there and so forth; now, to me art is one cosmic consciousness. The way you love, live, and even the way you hate: even your negative expressions connote a certain art-form. So I really do not separate my art from my other sphere of life."-Ras"T"(Barrett,187) The words of Ras"T", captured by Leonard E. Barrett, Sr. in his book The Rastafarians, are an excellent representation of the Rastaman's struggle to survive as an artist in Jamaica. They also reveal the core concept of Rastafarianism itself; the idea that one is born with Rasta inside them, and a true Rasta lives every second of every day in spiritual contact with Jah, Rastafari. One cannot be a Sunday worshiper of Rastafarianism. For the Rastafarian artist, every stroke of every painting or each chip of wood from the sculpture is inspired by Jah. Despite the problems such as lack of materials, and difficulties in getting exposure for their work, many members of the Rastafarian movement have turned to artistic expression in order to convey the Rastaman's message, and also as a means of out-letting their spirituality. These expressions include visual art, music, and poetry. In some cases, the Rastas use their artistic ability to create crafts an... ...t understand the symbolism and the thoughts that are put into such incredible displays of talent. The Rastafarians have contributed so much to their country's culture that goes by unnoticed. In the words of Barrett:"Great social developments are not always made in the halls of parliament or in the citadels of learning. These institutions merely react to the dreams of the creative mass. Some of the most creative trends in nations' development are born in the dreams of the visionaries, the radicals, the seers, and the charismatic prophets."(Barrett, 266). Many of these prophets are artists, and their beliefs are so strong that they are able to rise out of the poverty they live in and project their messages anywhere they will go. The Rastaman will be heard, and through the symbolism discussed in the previous pages, he can be heard. If only people will listen, and look.

Chilean Copper Mine Collapse Essay

This paper will discuss in how important it’s to know your audience. When having to communicate a disaster like the Chilean copper mine that occur in South America it’s one example of where knowing your audience was a very important issue. This disaster in the Chilean copper mine, a disastrous downfall in one of the shafts of the mine has left 33 miners trapped 310 meters below the ground. The outcomes of the company and their reaction to the disaster would eventually define how the world, their audience, would see them. It turns out to be very crucial that the spokesperson of the company who issues updates and information to the public is careful and sensitive to the families. The audience the company would be reporting to would be made up of the news correspondence, the victim’s families, and the media. Not only would the company spokesperson have to keep the reputation and point of view of the mining company in one piece, they would have to issue specific and straightforward information that would not always be in the greatest interest of the company’s position. All though in the beginning the company may not have a great extent of information, it’s necessary for them to inform the families with as much information as soon as possible. This would consist of any information as to what is taking place in the mine while the miners are still trapped. When communicating we need to have some emotion and sympathy than just  the facts of what is going on inside the mine. With all the families wanting to be inform that everything is okay and everyone is doing his or her best to get the situation under control. When speaking to any type of media they are concerned only about the facts. They do not care about emotions or sympathy of the friends or families. If there are no facts to give to the media than nothing should be assumed to those until there are facts to share. The collapse would not only have emotional impact on the 33 miners trapped underground, the family members of those miners would be distressed as well. The family members of those 33 men would have to wait in suffering before they would receive word of their family member’s fate. When a disaster of this extent occurs, the company has the obligation to keep the family members well-informed every step of the rescue progression, above the news bulletin and media. Furthermore informing the families right away in regards to what’s being done to rescue the miners is very important. For instance the families should be inform that while the miners remain in the trapped mines the government is taking steps from getting doses of anti-depressants for the men. Also they’re sending down fresh clothes and games to help keep them physically and mentally fit. In addition the families need to know that the government and rescue team is guiding the miners to a secure area. The secure area is where they can establish various places one for resting and sleeping. The families of the miners need to be informed that the rescue team is doing everything possible to keep the miners in good spirits. Also asking the families to get involve by writing positive encouraging letters for their love ones it’s encouraged. When communicating to the families that the government has contacted NASA to help with the rescue it will give them a little piece of mind. Let them know the rescue team will be able to utilize all the new technology of NASA‘s and their resources to rescue the miners. NASA who has sent people to the moon and outer space has many tools and resources for a situation like this. Therefore the most appropriate channel to communicate with the media, families in a situation like this one of the trapped miners is face to face. The reason to announce the incident face to face is because it shows your compassion, truthfulness and braveness. I would say for the employees of the company I would use email and face to face. The email would be sent out first to the employees followed up with a face to face is case they had any questions or concerns. In conclusion it’s important to remember that timeliness is of the utmost importance when dealing with situations of this magnitude. When taking families into consideration, the company must deliver the information of the mine collapse with an extreme level of discretion, clarity, and encouragement and compassion. References http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibray.com http://www.msnbc.com.world_news-americas/t/trapped-chilean-mines

Functions of Management Essay

The following will include the four major functions of management in a health care setting, how these functions apply to managing others, important roles for health care manager and leader in the diversified health care industry and the most significant aspect related to health care management that I would like to gain by taking this class. The four major functions of management in a health care setting are: organizing, planning, controlling and leading. The four functions mentioned all work hand in hand when managing others or while being managed. Each manager is expected to be a leader of their department and make sure that patient’s needs are being met. A leader has to be well organized within the department to accomplish things as checking in patients, calling patients to remind them of upcoming procedures and appointments, referrals, and insurance authorization, paper work needs to be well organized to make sure that everything is done in order and correct. Organizing make it easy for changing of shifts between employees. Planning comes in to play when schedules are mapped out to make sure that enough health care workers are present for each day’s work load. It also help to plan around a physician surgery schedule and so forth. Controlling helps the manager to keep focus on work performance which in turn helps to build relationships with employees and patients due to the active contact. Leading in management is very important and the responsibility is more. A leader is responsible for training, department meetings, work schedule and goals to be accomplished each day without compromising the care for each patient. Planning plays an important role for a health care manager and leader in a diversified health care industry, without planning ahead it puts a health care facility at risk of not being able to perform above and beyond for their patient’s health care needs. According to Harvard business â€Å"In addition to negotiating the day-to-day demands of a busy and complex organization, healthcare executives must also be able to evaluate and understand the impact of alternative care delivery models†.

Yasser Arafat Essays

Yasser Arafat Essays Yasser Arafat Essay Yasser Arafat Essay The interests of the people of Palestine had all along been protected by Yasser Arafat. A very important contribution of Yasser Arafat consisted in drawing the attention of the world to the interests of the Palestinians. It can be construed that he was a true messiah of the Palestinians due to the fact that his was the only voice that conveyed their plight to the rest of the world, when the status of the Palestinians was at its nadir. This represented a stage in the development of the Palestinian nation, when Palestinians were considered to be nothing better than criminals . The loss of the Fatah party at the hustings to the Hamas indicates that Arafat’s death was a serious blow to the partys popularity. This political debacle was further aided by the fact that Arafat’s successor Mahmoud Abbas was his antithesis. Political observers like Khaled Duzdar, analyst at the Israel-Palestine Center for Research and Information, had observed the success of Hamas as a result of the failures of Fatah. A number of these failures have been attributed to the failure of Arafat as an able administrator and the failure of his government to curb corruption, indolence in discharging the duties of public administration and the failure to create public good . Despite these drawbacks the fact remains that Arafat succeeded in establishing the state of Palestine and was instrumental in providing an identity to the dispersed Palestinians. The Palestine Liberation Organisation or the P. L. O. under the domination and control of Fatah, according to Arafat, was the sole and legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. The PLO was secular and did not allow Hamas, the fundamentalist Islamic party, to take part in. However, after the demise of Arafat, the successors in the party failed to maintain its integrity. This brought about divisions in the party as the internal conflicts increased. The beneficiary of these internal conflicts was the Hamas . The reasons that brought about Arafat’s death were not made public by the French doctors who attended upon him when he had been admitted for a stroke in the hospital. The doctors were unable to diagnose the health problem that hastened his death. On the 11th of November, 2004 Arafat died at the age of 75 in a French hospital. A few of Arafat’s followers still believe that their leader was poisoned by Israeli agents. However, it was reported by the New York Times that the medical reports did not establish any possibility of poisoning. Further the newspaper announced that medical experts had examined the reports on its behalf to establish that Arafat had not succumbed to AIDS. Moreover, Arafat’s personal physicians conducted exhaustive diagnoses that failed to detect the source of infection which had caused the bleeding disorder that had escalated the severity of the fatal stroke. Initially Arafat was treated for reduced platelet count in his blood and during the course of treatment his health condition worsened. He was shifted to a French military hospital near Paris where he became comatose which proved to be fatal . The actual reason for Arafat’s death was not disclosed to the public by his wife Suha and the Palestinian authorities delivered contradictory statements. Ashraf Kurdi, the personal physician of Arafat, stated that evidence of AIDS was found but this was not mentioned in the medical records. Even the test performed to detect AIDS was not described. Kurdi further added that Arafat was injected with the HIV virus to camouflage the symptoms of poisoning .

Haasts Eagle (Harpagornis) Facts and Figures

Haasts Eagle (Harpagornis) Facts and Figures   Name: Haasts Eagle; also known as Harpagornis (Greek for grapnel bird); pronounced HARP-ah-GORE-niss Habitat: Skies of New Zealand Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-500 years ago) Size and Weight: About six foot wingspan and 30 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; grasping talons About Haasts Eagle (Harpagornis) Wherever there were large, flightless prehistoric birds, you can be sure there were also predatory raptors like eagles or vultures on the lookout for an easy lunch. Thats the role Haasts Eagle (also known as Harpagornis or the Giant Eagle) played in Pleistocene New Zealand, where it swooped down and carried off giant moas like Dinornis and Emeus  -   not full-grown adults, but juveniles and newly hatched chicks. As befitting the size of its prey, Haasts Eagle was the biggest eagle that ever lived, but not by all that much - adults only weighed about 30 pounds, compared to 20 or 25 pounds for the largest eagles alive today. We cant know for sure, but extrapolating from the behavior of modern eagles, Harpagornis may have had a distinctive hunting style - swooping down on its prey at speeds of up to 50 miles per hour, seizing the unfortunate animal by the pelvis with one of its talons, and delivering a killing blow to the head with the other talon before (or even while) taking flight. Unfortunately, because it relied so heavily on Giant Moas for its sustenance, Haasts Eagle was doomed when these slow, gentle, flightless birds were hunted to extinction by the first human settlers of New Zealand, going extinct itself shortly afterward.

How We Got Lincoln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How We Got Lincoln - Essay Example Judd, in order to give Lincoln an advantage of home city. Another thing was the reaction that Abraham Lincoln got to his speech that he delivered in Copper Union in 1860, which attracted a lot of Northeastern Republicans, who were already seeking an alternative to Senator Seward. This paper tends to discuss and analyze, â€Å"How we got Lincoln†, by focusing on the national republican convention held in Chicago in1860. Abraham Lincoln became a nominee for presidency in the convention. The writer states that much was said against Senator Seward, who was the focus of attention on the May 17, 1860 Chicago national republican convention, something that went in support of Abraham Lincoln. Delegates from 24 states, including Missouri, Kentucky, Virginia, Delaware and Maryland, attended the Chicago convention. William H. Seward, Salmon P. Chase, and Abraham Lincoln of Illinois were the primary nominees from a turf of twelve candidates. Hannibal Hamlin of Maine, a candid abolitionist was selected as vice-president. The Republican platform, which was adopted by the convention, clearly stated that slavery would not be extended, nor promoted anymore, for the benefit of the black community. It stated that free-homestead legislation would be enacted, and a daily mail-service and a transcontinental railroad will be established. In the convention, three candidates stood in opposition of Lincoln. They were Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat), John Bell (Constitutional Union Party), and John Cabell Breckenridge (Southern Democrat). Douglas was Lincoln’s closest rival. Lincoln's key squabble for recognition at the convention was Douglas’ defeat for the Senate in the 1860 election in his home state of Chicago, Illinois. Given that Douglas was a popular Democratic nominee, Lincoln's show in the election was significant. However, Lincoln won a lot more votes than Douglas, winning a good percentage of the popular vote. There was also a lot of competition for the Republican nomination in the convention. The Republican candidates included Simon Cameron of Pennsylvania,  Ben Wade and Salmon Chase of Ohio,  Cassius Clay of Kentucky, and Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was the least known among all the Republican candidates, because he had not held any elected position since 1840. Lincoln had fewer votes than Seward on the first and second ballet, but won from the third ballot in the convention. In the third ballet, Lincoln was short of a few votes, but Ohio chair, over a settlement, declared the switch of four votes from Salmon Chase to Lincoln, which pushed Lincoln over the required total. The convention expressed immense applause. After a long journey of campaign and elections, the Vice President Breckinridge, on February 11, announced the victory of Abraham Lincoln. Republican success in the Chicago convention became possible not only because of Lincoln’s stance against slavery, but also due to dissatisfaction of the citizens with the D emocratic Party. Hence, we see that the writer has portrayed a true picture of the Chicago national convention of 1860, in which Lincoln won his nomination as a president. The writer has given intricate details, and there is nothing else about the convention that is left to be conveyed to the reader. The writer, in his article, has tried to convey the true picture of achievement by Abraham Lincoln at the Chicago conve